All in the Name of Environmental Protection...

By Tom DeWeese

Those who have read George Orwell’s classic book, "Animal Farm" will be familiar with the phrase "everyone is equal, but some are more equal than others." The line was used by the ruling pigs in the story to justify why they were giving themselves special privileges over the other animals. It was necessary, you see, that the leaders have the best – the better to deal with the pressing issues of State.

Citizens of communist countries (the political and economic force Orwell sought to parody) fully understand the reality of the phrase. They well know how communist leaders grow rich, take the best homes and ride in chauffeured limousines. Meanwhile, their "equal" fellow citizens shiver on cold winter nights, lacking fuel for the stove, their cupboards bare as a result of the failed policies of corrupt government control over the private sector.

But it is tragic to know that in some parts of the United States, Americans, too, are learning of the injustice that can result from government agents having far too much power over those subjected to their whims. In rural areas, many homeowners have been fighting a losing battle to hang onto their personal piece of the American dream. There, government agents wage a war of attrition to wear them down and force them off property that many times has been in the family for generations. The agents close off access roads to the property; they determine that simple home repairs are actually new, illegal, development; and they join with powerful, rich private interest groups to insure that elected government representatives create the needed regulations to increase the intimidation.

It’s all necessary, you see, because such lands must be saved from the ravages of the predators called homeowners – for the sake of protecting the environment.

But if one looks a little closer, one might just find that a new human predator has moved into occupy the now-liberated land. They are environmentalists, happily homesteading on once-private property. After being liberated by government goons, the property is supposed to be off-limits to development or private use. But those with power are free to break the rules. Who would enforce them?

So elitist environmental warriors can be found arm in arm with the federal storm troopers, deep in the wood, out of sight of the prying eyes of the public. Deeds to the land can now be placed in green hands. Illegal development can now be constructed. Roads can be accessed. And a good time can be had by all. When powerful interest groups team up with federal enforcers to protect the "common good," mutual profit and personal gain know no bounds.

Apparently, when an elite declares itself the protector of the environment, they really must be more equal than others. Don’t bother rubbing your eyes if it appears that the environmentalists are beginning to morph into little green pigs.

"We will be good neighbors. We will practice good science. We will promote multiple use." Former BLM Director Pat Shea

Linda (Smith) Franklin is a fifth generation native of Mattole Valley, in Humbolt County, California. The area is one of the most remote in California, where residents live daily with the wrath of nature constantly at their door step. Typical of the pioneer stock that settled the west, the residents are rugged, honest and believe a man’s word is his bond.

Franklin’s father, the late Paul Smith, prospered in the area. In 1959, he held the grazing leases at Big Flat in the King Range. In 1960, with permission from the local office of the federal Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Smith built a road from his ranch to his holdings on the beach at Spanish Flat. For 22 years, Smith personally maintained the road, receiving no financial assistance from the government. Acquired with the forty acres of land at Spanish Flat was an old one room log cabin. In 1961 Smith built an additional two room cabin onto the front of the existing one, and the family maintained the cabin for over 35 years. There, Franklin and her husband spent their honeymoon. There, many a weary hiker spent a safe night. The doors were never locked.

In 1970, by an act of the U.S. Congress, the area was designated as part of the "King Range National Conservation Area." Under the plan, the Congress charged the BLM with the task of writing and implementing a land management plan. The plan was completed in 1974 and while it prohibited new, private development on the lands of the designated conservation area, it also clearly protected the private property rights of those already living there. In addition, property owners would be allowed to continue to use and maintain "habitable" cabins that existed prior to 1970.

The trouble began when a new management plan was developed in 1990. Local residents, including Linda Franklin, served on the BLM Core Planning Team for the Management Plan. She traveled thousands of miles while attending regular monthly, then bi-monthly meetings to develop a plan that would serve the needs of the majority of the public, as well as protect private property rights. Compromises were made on both sides and an agreement was reached and submitted to the BLM for inclusion in its Management Plan. But when the BLM released its final plan there was literally no resemblance to the planning team’s document. Apparently, the BLM had simply cast aside the Core Planning Team’s recommendations and, instead, implemented one of its own.

The BLM’s new Management Plan severely diverted from the original Act of Congress that had established the King Range National Conservation Area. The Act had prohibited the use of condemnation proceedings or eminent domain except for rights of way. And the BLM was to purchase lands from "willing" sellers only. But there was a major flaw in the original Act because it failed to anticipate the BLM using coercive practices to encourage "unwilling" sellers to change their minds. Another flaw allowed the BLM to manage private as well as public lands. The original purpose of that clause was to prevent the private development of beach front condos, casinos or private resorts. It was not intended to prevent landowners from building their own homes or repairing their private roads. These two flaws now turned up in the new BLM Management Plan of 1990. The war against land owners was on.

"The government does recognize deeded right-of-way, but they deem what right-of-way is, and if they deem you shall crawl on your knees then you shall crawl on your knees." Charlotte Hawks, land acquisition specialist, BLM

Beginning in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, federal agencies involved in land management began to take on a new mission – land acquisition. Where once their job was to manage public property, now the focus turned to expanding public domain over as much private land as possible. It began in the most rural areas, and has only recently begun to spread to more populated areas. The King Range National Conservation Reserve was one of the first to fall victim to the federal land grab.

A telling example of the change in the BLM’s policy direction can be seen in a series of letters to Paul Smith and later to Linda Smith Franklin, dealing with the issue of the right-of-way for the access road to their property. A letter from the BLM to Smith dated November 10, 1960 states, "You do not need a permit to use and repair the existing ranch access roads over BLM lands in the Kings Peak area. There is no specific law providing for such a permit or easement and no law or regulation prohibiting the use and repair of BLM roads in the area for ranch access, prospecting and mining purposes."

Again in 1980, in response to another Smith inquiry pertaining to access to the road, the BLM wrote, "In checking into this matter with the Ukiah District, we find that your concerns over the use of the road have been resolved, and a right-of-way issued." Again the BLM was working with the property owners and acknowledging that there was no hindrance in the use of the road.

But somewhere along the way, things changed. In a letter to Linda Smith Franklin, dated November 19, 1997, the BLM answered a similar inquiry, saying, "The Bureau of Land Management has no record, documentation or corporate knowledge of having issued a right-of-way to Paul Smith."

Limiting or closing access roads into the conservation area has apparently become a common practice by the BLM in an attempt to pressure property owners to give up their land and become "willing" sellers to the BLM. There are many more incidences of such coercive BLM practices.

ITEM: In 1989, a property owner, a Mr. Pietila, planned to build a private home on his property located in the King Range Preserve. In accordance with the law and with proper procedure, Mr. Pietila applied for and obtained a building permit from the Humbolt County Building Department. Once obtained, lumber was delivered to the property in preparation for the building. Without warning, Mr. Pietila received a registered letter from the BLM indicating that his property was being condemned for use not compatible with the BLM area plan. By the time Mr. Pietila received the notice, the BLM legal machine had moved into full operational mode. There was literally nothing Mr. Pietila could do but wrangle with the BLM for a better price from the government for the taking of his land. Mr. Pietila had become a "willing" seller.

Neighboring property owners looked upon the condemnation of Pietila’s land with shock and a realization that the harsh BLM action had been taken as a warning to the rest of them. They were now afraid to do anything to their property that might prompt similar action. They were afraid to repair an access road, or bring in a small tractor to bury water lines, or make repairs on homes. All normal, daily actions could now be construed to be "a violation of the management plan."

ITEM: Prior to the passage of the King Range National Conservation Act, Paul Smith purposely sold two ten acre parcels of land for the primary purpose of establishing a market value before the BLM took over control of the land. It was a defensive measure to protect his investment if land values were affected adversely by BLM land management.

Before the Conservation Act was passed, the first parcel was sold to a Mr. Moon who intended to build a cabin on the land. The Smiths even built a pad for the house that Moon intended to build. But Moon was blocked from building the cabin because he didn’t complete it before the Act went into affect. As a result, the property had literally no value. He was forced to sell it to the BLM. Was Mr. Moon a "willing" seller – or was his land held hostage until he agreed to sell it to the BLM?

ITEM: The second Smith parcel was sold to the Goss family. Again they intended to build a cabin, and again they were blocked because nothing could be built after 1970. Goss has resisted selling the property to the BLM. He has tried to find something, anything, that can be done with the land in order to recover his investment. But there is simply nothing Goss can do with the ten acres that is not in violation of the BLM management plan. He has been denied normal economic appreciation of the property due to the management plan – and because of that plan, Goss has no choice but to sell it to the BLM. Does that make Goss a "willing" seller?

ITEM: Leland Hadley is 78 years old. At one time he owned all of a section called Big Flat. The BLM has prevented him from building a structure on his land. New BLM proposals will cut off his access road and force him to walk into his property. That would require him to walk through terrain consisting of a quarter mile on a steep incline, about three miles of sand and a half mile over a dry stream bed. How long will it take Leland Hadley, life long resident of the King Range, to become a "willing" seller?

"The project calls on the establishment of core wilderness areas where human activity is prohibited, linked with biological corridors." Tom McDonnell

The answer may be traced to an all-encompassing land management environmental program called "The Wildlands Project." In 1992, the radical environmental journal, Wild Earth, published by Earth First!, produced a special issue announcing what it called "The Wildlands Project, Plotting A North American Wilderness Recovery Strategy."

This radical plan calls for the "rewilding" of at least 50% of all the land in every state in the nation. In the introduction to the plan, author Dave Forman writes, "(T)he idea is simple. To stem the disappearance of wildlife and wilderness we must allow the recovery of whole ecosystems and landscapes in every region of North America. Allowing these systems to recover requires a long-term master plan." Forman intended for the "Wildlands Project" to be that master plan.

The project mapped out eco-regions and biosphere reserves that intermingled. It didn’t matter if private homes and farms, or even whole towns were caught in the middle. The project called for redistributing people, homes and towns out of the predetermined biosphere reserves. The "Wildlands Project" also ignored community, state and national boundaries. Forman wrote, "we live to see the day when Grizzlies in (Mexico) have an unbroken connection to Grizzlies in Alaska; when the Gray Wolf populations are continuous from New Mexico to Greenland; when vast unbroken forests and flowing plains again thrive and support pre-Columbian populations of plants and animals…"

In addition, an entire network of environmental groups, including most of those once led by the now-Clinton appointees, jumped into action to build momentum for the plan, both on the national and local levels. Add to the mix a host of willing politicians and massive funding resources, and the "Wildlands Project" became the driving force in federal land management policy. Many of the environmental groups became "Wildlands Project" affiliates, receiving grants to develop local, state and regional plans to implement the project.

Such a radical policy change in federal land management clearly explains why the Interior Department’s Bureau of Land Management (BLM) took such a hard-nosed attitude in dealing with the property owners in the King Range National Conservation Area. Obviously the plans had changed from simply trying to conserve land while protecting the property rights of those who lived there - to a deliberate plan to move all people out of the region, as called for in the "Wildlands Project."

The California Wilderness Coalition (CWC) is listed as a "Wildlands Project" group, as is Jim Eaton, founder of the Coalition. Eaton has served as California’s representative to the Wilderness Society. The Wilderness Society has called the King Range area the "crown jewel of the BLM’s proposed wilderness area." California Senator Dianne Feinsten’s husband, Richard Blum is a member of the Governing Council of the Wilderness Society. The Wilderness Society is a member of the CWC. The CWC is working with numerous "former" Earth First! organizations and individuals, including Dave Foreman (co-founder of Earth First!).

Eight Members of Congress have worked with the CWC to shut down motorized use of Black Sands Beach in the King Range National Conservation Area. The eight include Rep. Pete Stark (D-CA), Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA), Rep.Vic Fazio (D-CA), Rep. Tom Lantos (D-CA), Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), Rep. Ellen Tausher (D-CA), Rep. Howard Berman (D-CA), and Rep. Lynn Woolsey (D-CA). An article in the January, 1999 edition of the Wilderness Record, published by CWC, refers to the BLM closure of the Black Sands in the King Range. Credit is given by CWC to the Sierra Club and the Environmental Protection Information Center for successfully rallying support for the BLM’s closure of the beach to motorized vehicles. A large photo of the Black Sands beach is shown in the story, with photo credit given to the BLM.

Clearly there is solid collusion among federal land management policy makers at the Department of the Interior, federal policy enforcers at the Bureau of Land Management, and the massive, highly funded environmental establishment. Just as clearly, the "Wildlands Project," and its radical goal to turn vast areas of North American into wilderness, is official federal policy. That policy is what has made the new federal land management program the largest land grab in U.S. history. It is the answer to the question constantly asked by landowners – "what do they want?" The goals is the land, and no amount of compromise or reasoned argument will slow them down. One by one, the landowner are forced to give up and surrender their ground.

"It may be that human nature is too strong to be countered. Yet man is still a reasoning animal. Even if he perishes, he would like to know, in his agony, what it was that doomed him." Book review of Animal Farm

The rules enforced by the BLM in the King Range say there is to be no new development after 1970. One resident, Mr. Pietila, had his property condemned because he planned to build a new cabin after the 1970 deadline. The BLM refused to allow Linda Franklin to make repairs to her access road. The BLM has made it clear – there will be no new development, no new dwellings, no roads, no modernization in the King Range. Period.

But fly over Black Sands Beach today and notice an uncommon sight. A new home. In fact, a new home with several buildings. How can that be? Where are the BLM storm troopers? Where are the fines? Where is the condemnation for these blatant violators of the environment? Where is the usual organized outcry from the environmentalist network? There’s not a peep. Because a quick check of deeds will show this land is owned by William Devall.

William Devall is the founder and head of the Foundation for Deep Ecology.

Devall has direct connections with Earth First! that expand over a decade. He was instrumental in helping to form the "Wildlands Project" and has been effective in gaining money for Earth First! through his foundation. Currently Devall is listed as an Editorial Advisor for Wild Earth, the publishing voice of the "Wildlands Project." Devall is not only the co-author of a book called Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered, but also is the editor of the Sierra Club’s publication, Clearcut: The Tragedy of Industrial Forestry.

Devall, a former sociology professor at Humbolt State University, is the Humbolt County contact person for Earth First!. As such, he presented the wilderness proposal for an enlarged Kings Range Wilderness area. That presentation was made at a public hearing on the issue on May 8, 1985. It was at that same meeting that the environmental impact statement for the BLM ’s King Range wilderness review was under consideration. Clearly, Bill Devall is a major player in creating and enforcing BLM land management policy – especially that based on the "Wildlands Project."

Now Devall is found living on land right in the middle of the King Range area. Worse, he has built a home on land so sacred to environmentalists that the Wilderness Society called it the "crown jewel of the BLM’s proposed land management area."

But Devall’s home is not just a house, it is a private retreat with a complex of buildings. There is a communal cooking building next to the main lodge. In between the buildings is an elaborate, heated hot tub building. All of Devall’s buildings are wood heated. Where does the wood come from? Is the King Range forest the source of Devall’s creature comforts? The complex is located right on the Black Sands Beach. And situated in front of the property, between the complex of buildings and the ocean, is an airplane landing strip.

County records show Devall as owner of private property, parcel No. 107-184-07, located right in the middle of the King Range National Conservation Area. All lands adjacent to and in the immediate area of Devall ’s property are registered in county documents as belonging to the United States of America – Bureau of Land Management. Date of the sale of the land is March 5, 1990. Well after the 1970 deadline for new or improved buildings.

How did Devall get the land? Why has the BLM allowed him an exception when property owners who have lived in the region (some as long as five generations) have been targeted for extinction? Even more puzzling is how Devall justifies building and living in an area where he has said man cannot coexist with nature?

As in George Orwell’s Animal Farm, new tyranny replaces old in the wake of revolutions, as power corrupts even the noblest of causes. So say the little green pigs to the besieged former property owners of the King Range, "of course we are all equal, but some are more equal than others." Now, with the hated property owners banished from their lands, the little green pigs of the environmental movement, dance and laugh and frolic on public lands they’ ve made their own – at public expense.

* Much of the information and documentation for this article was provided by Barry Clausen, North American Research, P.O. Box 311, Cutten, CA 95534, funded in part by a grant from the American Policy Center . Mr. Clausen is a professional investigator who spent over a year undercover, investigating Earth First!. He is a consultant to several companies on the subject of domestic environmental terrorism and has testified on the issue before the United States Congress.